Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Commercial hybrid seed production in cotton in our country has been possible due to the availability of male sterile lines.
In Cotton hybrid seed production is done either by conventional hand emasculation and pollination or by nonconventional (male sterility based).
Genetic male sterility (GMS) in cotton occurs in a form of non-dehiscent anthers and unviable pollens when the reproductive development process fails due to possible loss of nuclear gene functions required for pollen development.

Maize, Bajra, Cotton and Rice respectively are the correct sequence of the crops according to the period of the development of the first hybrid varieties in India.
The first hybrid varieties in maize were released in 1961 when four hybrids, viz., Ganga 1, Ganga 101, Ranjit and Deccan, were released for cultivation.
The first pearl millet hybrid HB 1 was released in 1965 thus making India the first country in the world to develop a grain hybrid utilizing cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile line.
Hirsutum, the first intraspecific hybrid was released in 1970 under the name H 4 from the Main Cotton Research Station, Surat of the Gujarat Agricultural University.
Agricultural researchers at the Karjat Research Centre, Maharashtra, have developed the nation's first hybrid rice variety - krh-1 in 1994.

The actual pressure with which water enters into the cell is called DPD (Diffusion pressure Deficiet).
DPD tends to equate and represents the water-absorbing ability of a cell, it is also called suction force (SF) or suction pressure (SP). The actual pressure with which a cell absorbs water is called "suction pressure".
The cell membrane becomes stretched and the osmotic pressure (OP) of the cell decreases. As the cell absorbs more and more water its turgor pressure increases and osmotic pressure decreases.

The concept of circular chromosomes in E. coli is given by Cairns.
John Cairns demonstrated the theta structure of E. coli chromosomal replication in 1963, using an innovative method to visualize DNA replication.
The Escherichia coli chromosome is 4.6 Mb long, circular, and contains a single origin of replication. These characteristics present challenges for replication and segregation, which can nonetheless be completed as quickly as every 20 min.

A random assortment of genes will occur if the genes are located on different chromosomes.
Random assortment contributes to the mixing up of genetic material in the gametes. This means that, although siblings often resemble each other, they are never identical unless they are monozygotic twins.
Independent assortment occurs spontaneously when alleles of at least two genes are assorted independently into gametes.

The replacement of purine with another purine base is known as Transition.
Transition is the substitution of a purine from another purine base or pyrimidine from another pyrimidine (C⟷T or A⟷G).
A transition is a DNA point mutation that substitutes one purine for another or one pyrimidine for another, all other point mutations are called transversion.

The tag colour of the Foundation seed is white.
The progeny of breeder seed is produced by recognized seed-producing agencies in the public and private sector, under the supervision of seed certification agencies in such a way that its quality is maintained according to prescribed field and seed standards.
A white colour certificate is issued for foundation seeds by seed certification agencies.

Discrete characters are traits that have distinct, separate categories (like flower color being red or white).
They don't change based on the environment in the way described in the question.

Quantitative characters are traits that can be measured on a continuous scale (like height or weight).
They are usually influenced by many genes and the environment, but this question describes a very specific temperature trigger.

Threshold characters are traits that only express themselves when a certain environmental condition is met or exceeded.
In this case, the green color develops only when the temperature is above a certain threshold (8°C). Below that, the albino (white) trait appears.
This perfectly matches the description in the question!

Pleiotropy is when a single gene affects multiple different traits.
The question only describes one visible trait (color), so pleiotropy doesn't fit.

Therefore, since the albino seedling only turns green above a specific temperature, the character's development is dependent on crossing a temperature threshold.

Pusa Sugandha-5 is a new variety of Rice.
A semi-dwarf high-yielding aromatic rice variety suitable for multiple cropping systems in northern India.
It is a highly profitable paddy variety, with a crop duration of 140 to 145 days.

Asexual reproduction includes apomixis.
Apomixis (asexual seed formation) is the result of a plant gaining the ability to bypass the most fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction: meiosis and fertilization.
Without the need for male fertilization, the resulting seed germinates a plant that develops as a maternal clone.