Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The root can absorb minerals from the soil when they are in a Solid state.
In plants, the entrance portal for mineral uptake is usually through the roots. Some mineral ions diffuse in between the cells.
Plants absorb minerals in the ionic form: of nitrate (NO₃^-), phosphate (HPO₄^-), and potassium ions (K⁺); all have difficulty crossing a charged plasma membrane.
Mineral nutrient concentration in roots maybe 10,000 times more than in surrounding soil. During transport throughout a plant, minerals can exit the xylem and enter cells that require them.

Flavr savr' is associated with Tomato.
Flavr Savr (pronounced "flavour saver"), a genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. It was developed by the Californian company Calgene in the 1980s.
The tomato has an improved shelf-life, increased fungal resistance, and a slightly increased viscosity compared to its non-modified counterpart. It was meant to be harvested ripe for increased flavour for long-distance shipping.

The coloured tag used for breeder seed is Golden yellow.
This is also a hundred percent physical and genetic pure seed for the production of foundation seed. A golden yellow colour certificate is issued for this category of seed by the producing breeder.
The breeder seed tag is 12 × 6 cm in size. For each bag of seeds, a single tag is usually supplied. Label number, crop, variety, seed class, lot number, date of the test, pure seed percent, inert matter percent, germination percent, and producing institution are all included on the label.

Cabbage is cross-pollinated owing to Self-incompatibility.
Self-incompatibility in plants is an adaptation that promotes cross-pollination. Self-incompatibility (SI) is defined as the inability to produce zygotes after self-pollination in a fertile hermaphrodite plant, which has stamens and pistils in the same flower.
Cabbage is a cross-pollinated crop because of sporophytic self-incompatibility, and honey bees play an important role in its pollination.

Plants that grow up on other plants without absorbing food from them are called Epiphytes.
Epiphyte, also called air plant, is any plant that grows upon another plant or object merely for physical support.
Epiphytes have no attachment to the ground or other obvious nutrient sources and are not parasitic on the supporting plants. It derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments), or debris accumulating around it.

Reverse genetics means DNA sequence to phenotype.
Reverse genetics is a method in molecular genetics that is used to help understand the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects caused by genetically engineering specific nucleic acid sequences within the gene.
The process proceeds in the opposite direction to forward genetic screens of classical genetics.

The progeny of the nucleus seed is called Breeder seed.
This is the hundred percent genetically pure seeds with physical purity produced by the original breeder from basic nucleus seed stock.
Breeder seed is produced by or under the direction of the plant breeder who selected the variety. During breeder seed production, the breeder or an official representative of the breeder selects individual plants to harvest based on the phenotype of the plants.
A pedigree certificate is issued by the producing breeder.

Reverse transcriptase is DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Reverse transcriptase (RT), also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into DNA.
This enzyme can synthesize a double helix DNA once the RNA has been reverse-transcribed in the first step into a single-strand DNA.

Jumping genes are called Transposon.
It is a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
Transposable elements make up a large fraction of the genome and are responsible for much of the mass of DNA in a eukaryotic cell.
Transposons are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.

In a synthetic variety of maize produced by combining 10 lines, the loss of excess vigour in F₂ generation will be ¹/₁₀.
Under the dominance hypothesis, detrimental recessive alleles accumulate in the homozygous state during inbreeding and cause a reduction in vigour or inbreeding depression.
As the synthetic variety is produced by combining 10 lines, therefore the loss of excess vigour in F₂ generation will be 1 upon 10.