Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Often cross-pollinated crop is Barley.
In some crop plants cross-pollination often exceeds 5 percent and may reach 30 percent. Such species are generally known as often cross-pollinated species.
Cross-pollination, also called allogamy occurs when pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant.

The product of a cross between cytoplasmic male sterile × cytoplasmic male fertile as Sterile F₁.
Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes.
Despite crossing male sterile with male fertile, the results of the first generation are sterile.

The translocation of organic material is best explained by the Mass flow hypothesis.
The mass flow hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Munch, a German plant physiologist in 1930. It explains the movement of sap through the phloem.
While the movement of water and minerals through the xylem is driven by negative pressures (tension) most of the time, movement through the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressure. This process is termed translocation and is accomplished by a process called phloem loading and unloading.

The complementary sequence to GATAACA is TGTTATC.
In nature complementarity is the base principle of DNA replication and transcription as it is a property shared between two DNA or RNA sequences, such that when they are aligned antiparallel to each other, the nucleotide bases at each position in the sequences will be complimentary.
The double strands of DNA complement each other. Base T pairs with A and G pairs with C, thus the sequence complementary to GATAACA will be TGTTATC.

The seed multiplication ratio of Potato and groundnut are 1 : 4 and 1 : 8 respectively.
Seed Replacement Rate (SSR) or Seed Replacement Ratio is a measure of how much of the total cropped area was sown with certified seeds in comparison to farm-saved seeds.
The process of seed planning involves the use of the Seed Multiplication Ratio (SMR) in the computation and estimation of seed demand in the country.

Ribosomes are synthesized in the Nucleolus.
The nucleolus is the largest nuclear organelle and is the primary site of ribosome subunit biogenesis in eukaryotic cells.
It is assembled around arrays of ribosomal DNA genes, forming specific chromosomal features known as nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) which are the sites of ribosomal DNA transcription.

The nucleolus plays important role in the production of rRNA.
The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear condensate that plays a central role in ribosome biogenesis by facilitating the transcription and processing of nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
At the nucleolus, a long ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor molecule is transcribed from DNA, processed into three mature RNAs, and packaged together with specific proteins to make the large and small ribosomal subunits.

Inhibitors to translation (protein synthesis) are Streptomycin, Uromycin and Neomycin as well as Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin.
A protein synthesis inhibitor is a compound that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins.
Protein synthesis inhibitors work at different stages of bacterial mRNA translation into proteins, like initiation, elongation (including aminoacyl tRNA entry, proofreading, peptidyl transfer, and bacterial translocation) and termination.

Removal of male parents from the female parent in the maize is known as Detasseling.
Detasseling corn is removing the pollen-producing flowers, the tassel, from the tops of corn (maize) plants and placing them on the ground. It is a form of pollination control, employed to cross-breed, or hybridize, two varieties of corn.
Removing the tassels from all the plants of one variety leaves the grain that is growing on those plants to be fertilized by the tassels of the other, resulting in a hybrid.

The hybrid developed from the fusion of the cytoplast of one parent and the protoplast of another plant containing a nucleus from one parent and cytoplasm from both parents is called a Cybrid.
A cytoplasmic hybrid or cybrid is a eukaryotic cell line produced by the fusion of a whole cell with a cytoplast. Cytoplasts are enucleated cells.
A cybrid is a hybrid cell that mixes the nuclear genes from one cell with the mitochondrial genes from another cell.