Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The chromosomes are most condensed at Anaphase.
During prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope dissolves. During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell in the most condensed stage.

Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen is the source of dwarfing gene in Rice.
Analysis of the genetic lineage of the majority of the cultivated rice varieties in tropical Asia reveals that sd1 from DGWG (Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen) is the major source of dwarfing gene.
The high amount of genetic homogeneity renders rice plants vulnerable to the epidemic of diseases and insect pests. The phenotype of sd-1 is consistent with dwarfism that results from a deficiency in gibberellin (GA) plant growth hormones.

Pusa Karishma and Mahak are new varieties of Mustard.
Pusa Karishma, Brassica juncea, a variety of mustard developed by IARI with large plants producing yellow-coloured seeds with low erucic acid, suitable for irrigated lands.
Pusa mahak is suitable for early September, sowing under irrigated situations. Disease escape due to early maturity. The average yield is 597 - 1049 Kg/ha.

Central Dogma of protein synthesis in Teminism is g RNA > DNA > m RNA > Protein.
The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.
The central dogma suggests that DNA contains the information needed to make all of our proteins, and that RNA is a messenger that carries this information to the ribosomes. Teminism is a theory known as reverse transcription.

A variety is eligible for protection when it confirms Novelty, Distinctness, Uniformity and stability.
Plant variety protection provides legal protection of a plant variety to a breeder in the form of Plant Breeder's Rights (PBRs). PBRs are intellectual property rights that provide exclusive rights to a breeder of the registered variety.
The temperature fluctuation at any one point is called stability, and the largest temperature difference between any two points in the bath is called uniformity. The temperature at any point varies regularly between two limits but occasionally a larger variation is observed.

The synthesis of a gene in a test tube and its transfer to a cell is called Genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism. This may involve changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA, or adding a new segment of DNA.

The individual having both alleles of similar character is said to be Homozygous.
Zygosity is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence.
If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous at that locus.

A homogeneous population does not include An inbred line, A pure line, or the Progeny of a clone.
An inbred line is a population in which closely related animals, such as siblings or parents and offspring, have been repeatedly mated so that nearly all genetic variation is lost.
A pure line is the progeny of a single self-fertilized homozygous plant.
The progeny of a clone is genetically and physically identical to the parent.

Seed moisture varies from crop to crop and ranges from 9 - 12%.
The moisture content is the amount of water in the seed and is usually expressed as a percentage. It can be expressed on either a wet-weight basis or a dry-weight basis.

The method recommended for the germination test for small-sized seeds is Top of paper.
In this method, seeds are placed directly on one or more layers of moist filter or blotter papers in Petri dishes or plastic boxes which are in turn kept for incubation. This method is used for small-sized crop seeds like ragi, jute, onion, tomato, etc.