Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The phenotypic ratio of Duplicate gene action is 15 : 1.
In this cross, whenever a dominant allele is present at either locus, the biochemical conversion occurs, and a coloured kernel results.
Thus, only the double homozygous recessive genotype produces a phenotype with no colour, and the resulting phenotypic ratio of colour to noncolour is 15 : 1.

Magnesium is the macronutrient among the given options.
Magnesium (Mg) is one of three secondary macronutrients, along with calcium and sulphur, required for balanced crop nutrition.
Mg²⁺ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development.
Mg deficiencies can lead to reduced crop growth and yield. Magnesium deficiency is common in tomatoes, apples, grape vines, raspberries, roses and rhododendrons.

The situation in which one gene hides the effect of a second gene when both are present in a chromosome is called Epistasis.
Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes.
The concept of epistasis originated in genetics in 1907 but is now used in biochemistry, computational biology and evolutionary biology.

The central dogma is also known as Teminism.
The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1957, then published in 1958:
This states that once "information" has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or amino acid residues in the protein.

Cadmium is one of the given options that are not an essential element for plants whereas all others like Boron, Iron, and Suplhur are classified as essential elements for plants.
Cadmium has no nutritional value for plants. On the contrary, its presence in soil has various deleterious effects by causing physiological, chemical, and structural changes in plants. Of all the heavy metals, cadmium is considered to be the one that is most toxic for plants.

The progeny of a single homozygous self-pollinated plant is known as a pure line.
A pure line is an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits (i.e. physically expressed traits) to its offspring of many generations.
An organism is referred to as true breeding for each trait to which this applies, and the term "true breeding" is also used to describe individual genetic traits.

The seed dormancy of paddy is broken by treatment with HNO₃.
Seed dormancy has been defined as the incapacity of a viable seed to germinate under favorable conditions.
Intact seeds were germinated directly in sterilized Petri dishes lined with 3-layer filter paper moistened with 6 ml KNO₃. All subsequent treatments involved presoaking intact seeds in 1 M or 0.2 M HNO, M H₂O₂, and 1000 ppm GA₃ for 24 and 48 hours, before germination.
A combination of presoaking for 24 and 48 hours each successively in 0.1 M HNO₃ and 0.1 M H₂O₂ and 0.2 M HNO₃ and 0.1 M H₂O₂ was also included in the chemical treatments. After drying at room temperature for 30 minutes to 01 hour, all treated seeds were germinated under the best constant or alternating temperature regime for each species determined from the former germination tests.

The progeny of a single plant obtained by asexual reproduction is cloned.
Cloning is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things.
To make a clone, scientists transfer the DNA from an animal's somatic cell into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed.
The egg develops into an embryo that contains the same genes as the cell donor. Then the embryo is implanted into an adult female's uterus to grow.

Crossing over occurs between Non-sister chromatids.
Crossing over is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.
When two chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched.

When we want to transfer a single gene from an undesirable variety into a well-adopted agronomically desirable variety the most suitable breeding method is Back cross.
It is the mating of a hybrid organism (offspring of genetically unlike parents) with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent.
The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating (separating) certain characteristics in a related group of animals or plants.