Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Histone Proteins are synthesized during the S phase.
The S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between the G₁ phase and G₂ phase.
S-phase entry also regulates histone production at the RNA level. Instead of poly adenylated tails, canonical histone transcripts possess a conserved 3 stem-loop motif that selectively binds to Stem Loop Binding Protein (SLBP).
During S-phase, the accumulation of SLBP acts together with NPAT to drastically increase the efficiency of histone production.

a. Barley originated from Abyssinia.
Abyssinia is believed as the centre of origin for barley by one group and south East Asia (China, Tibet, Nepal) by another group.
b. Potato originated from South America.
The humble potato was domesticated in the South American Andes some 8,000 years ago and was only brought to Europe in the mid-1500s, from where it spread west and northwards, back to the Americas.
c. Chick Pea originated from the Mediterranean region.
Chickpeas then spread to the Mediterranean region around 6000 BC, and India around 3000 BC.
d. Soy Bean originated in China.
The origin of soybean cultivation remains scientifically debated. The closest living relative of the soybean is Glycine soja, a legume native to central China.

An antibiotic that causes the misincorporation of amino acids in protein synthesis is Puromycin.
Puromycin is a naturally occurring aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome-catalyzed incorporation into the C-terminus of elongating nascent chains, blocking further extension and resulting in premature termination of translation.

Reversion occurs due to Mutation.
Reversions are genetic alterations that reverse the effect of mutations. It refers specifically to phenotype. Rarely, the original base sequence is restored. These are called true revertants.
Reversion occurs when the effects of one mutation are counteracted by a second mutation.

Crossing over occurs in Four stranded stage.
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes.
Crossing over takes place between two chromosomes when they are in the four-stranded stage, two each.

CIMMYT is the maize + wheat research institute.
CIMMYT stands for International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
It works throughout the developing world to improve livelihoods and foster more productive sustainable maize and wheat farming. It targets critical challenges, including food insecurity and malnutrition, climate change and environmental degradation.
Through collaborative research, partnerships, and training, the center helps to build and strengthen a new generation of national agricultural research and extension services in maize- and wheat-growing nations.

Monoecious condition is an adaptation for cross-pollination.
Monoecious is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant.
It leads to cross pollination, where the pollens of one flower fertilize with the female flower of another plant.
It can prevent self-pollination in an individual flower but cannot prevent self-pollination between male and female flowers on the same plant.

The scientific name of maize is Zea mays.
The genus is Zea whereas the species is mays, therefore the botanical name of the maize is Zea mays.
The word maize derives from the Spanish form of the indigenous Taíno word for the plant, mahiz.
Using the maize's common name, Linnaeus included it as the species epithet in Zea mays. It is known by other names including "corn" in some English-speaking countries.

The concept of vertical and horizontal resistance was introduced by Vander Plank (1963).
The term vertical resistance, used commonly in the context of plant selection, was first used by J. E. Vanderplank to describe single-gene resistance.
This contrasted with the term horizontal resistance which was used to describe many-gene resistance.
In vertical resistance, there are single genes for resistance in the host plant, and there are also single genes for parasitic ability in the parasite. This phenomenon is known as the gene-for-gene relationship.

Seed multiplication ratio in paddy is 1 : 80.
The process of seed planning involves the use of the Seed Multiplication Ratio (SMR) in computation and estimation of seed demand in the country.
It is the number of seeds to be produced from a single seed when it is sown and harvested. At the time of the release of a variety, a small quantity of seed normally known as nucleus seed is available with the plant breeder.