Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The terms coined by Johannsen in 1903 are Gene and Phenotype.
Wilhelm Johannsen was a Danish pharmacist, botanist, plant physiologist, and geneticist. He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype, and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics.

"The ability of a gene to express itself uniformly in all the individual with same genotype" is defined as Expressivity.
Expressivity is the degree to which trait expression differs among individuals.
As with reduced penetrance, variable expressivity is probably caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, most of which have not been identified.

They carry the same gene loci is correct about Homologous chromosomes.
A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.
Homologs have the same genes in the same loci where they provide points along each chromosome which enable a pair of chromosomes to align correctly with each other before separating during meiosis.

Photophosphorylation takes place in Grana.
In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.
The light reaction takes place in the grana of the chloroplast where light energy gets converted to chemical energy as ATP and NADPH.

Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called Autosomes.
An autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes.
Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Autosomes are numbered roughly about their sizes.

CAZRI researches Arid plants and crops.
The Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) is one of the biggest research institutes of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
CAZRI has the distinction of being one of the first institutes in the world exclusively devoted to arid zone research and development.
The institute conducts multi-disciplinary research to seek solutions to the problems of farming in arid regions of the country.

Wind pollination is also known as Anemophily.
When pollen is transported by wind, this is called anemophily. Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind.
Almost all gymnosperms are anemophilous, as are many plants in the order Poales, including grasses, sedges and rushes.
Many of the world's most important crop plants are wind-pollinated. These include wheat, rice, corn, rye, barley, and oats. Many economically important trees are also wind-pollinated.

The wetlands are threatened due to Silting due to soil erosion.
A wetland is a place in which the land is covered by water salt, fresh, or somewhere in between either seasonally or permanently.
Increasing human activities and their negative consequences cause pollution, degradation, and loss of wetlands. The main threats that the wetlands struggle with are unsustainable and non-eco-friendly human activities.
Soil erosion caused by heavy floods is a matter of concern as it leads to several associated problems like changes in river course, causing loss of land, damage to the embankments, etc.

Cytoplasmic male sterility is best suited for hybrid seed production in Vegetatively propagated crops.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants.
CMS systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seeds in self-pollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and several vegetable crops.

Half-gram seeds are working samples for Tobacco.
It is the reduced sample with the required weight obtained from the submitted sample after repeated mixing and dividing with which the seed quality tests are conducted in the seed testing laboratory.
Random and representative samples of seeds are taken from all the lots in each variety for a check about their physical purity, varietal purity, moisture content, and germination percentage. At least 0.5 g sample from each lot is examined for this purpose.