Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Mechanisms of insect resistance were given by Painter (1951).
When a pesticide is first used, a small proportion of the pest population may survive exposure to the material due to their distinct genetic makeup.
Based on some of his previous work, Painter in his classical book “Insect Resistance in Crop Plants” (1951) proposed insect resistance in plants.

The first hybrid in pulses (Arhar) in India, developed through genetic male sterility is ICPH-8.
ICPH-8, the world's first pigeon pea hybrid, was developed by scientists at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Patancheru, near Hyderabad.
The ICPH 8 plants are vigorous, semi spreading, and indeterminate in growth habit with profuse branching, flowering, and podding characteristics. Plant height varies between 125 and 173 cm with an average of 140 cm (Table 1). It flowers 80 - 85 days after sowing and reaches 75% maturity in 115 - 135 days.

The ovary of the family Liliaceae is Trilocular superior with axil placentation.
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, and often bulbous geophytes.
It has a characteristic flower with parts arranged in threes, with six coloured or patterned petaloid tepals arranged in two whorls, six stamens and a superior ovary.
Superior ovary (hypogynous), syncarpous (with fused carpels), with three connate (fused) carpels and trilocular (three locules, or chambers).
There is a single style and a three-lobed stigma or three stigmata more or less elongated along the style. Numerous anatropous ovules display axile placentation, usually with an integument and thinner megasporangium.

tRNA is the smallest RNA among the 3 types of RNA, possessing around 75 - 95 nucleotides.
tRNAs are an essential component of translation, where their main function is the transfer of amino acids during protein synthesis. Therefore, they are called transfer RNAs.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) has a long-established role in protein synthesis. The tRNA molecule serves as an adaptor between the genetic instructions written in nucleic acid sequences and the protein products encoded in genes.

If a line will have a pair of chromosomes from another species in addition to its full somatic complement, the line is called an Alien addition line.
Alien addition lines are formed by adding one or more heterologous chromosomes from an alien donor species to the original genome of the recipient species.
Alien addition lines (MAALs), which carry an additional chromosome from a related species through interspecific/intergenomic hybridization, have become powerful tools for genetic and genomic research.

The DNA strand has a polarity of 3' - 5' and is referred to as the Template strand.
DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand serves as a template for transcription at any given time. This template strand is called the noncoding strand.
The non-template strand is referred to as the coding strand because its sequence will be the same as that of the new RNA molecule.

The flowers which open after pollination are Chasmogamy.
Chasmogamy is a plant reproductive mechanism in which pollination occurs in chasmogamous flowers.
These flowers are commonly showy with open petals encircling exposed reproductive parts. Chasmogamous stems from Greek for "open marriage", named after the open arrangement of floral structures.
Seeds produced by chasmogamous flowers that are cross-pollinated, may also exhibit hybrid vigour (heterosis) and increased fitness.

Anticodon is present on tRNA.
An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.
Anticodons are found on molecules of tRNA. Their function is to base pair with the codon on a strand of mRNA during translation. This action ensures that the correct amino acid will be added to the growing polypeptide chain. A tRNA molecule will enter the ribosome bound to an amino acid.

An example of a dicotyledonous albuminous seed is Soybean.
Albuminous seeds refer to those seeds that retain or restore some part of the endosperm during embryonic development.
Soybeans contain a small but significant 2S storage protein. 2S albumin is grouped in the prolamin superfamily. Soybeans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.

Concerning self-incompatibility, all four statements are correct.
Self-incompatibility is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing.
The sporophytic system of self-incompatibility is governed by a single gene with multiple alleles. The incompatibility reaction of pollen is governed by the genotype of the plant on which pollen is produced.
The 's' alleles are responsible for sporophytic incompatibility.
Failure of pollen germination on stigma, and slow pollen tube growth after pollination are some of the reasons for this self-incompatibility.