Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The seeds that cannot be used in second generation is hybrid seeds.
Hybrid seed production is predominant in modern agriculture and home gardening. All of the hybrid seeds planted by the farmer will produce similar plants, while the seeds of the next generation from those hybrids will not consistently have the desired characteristics.
Hybrids are chosen to improve the characteristics of the resulting plants, such as better yield, greater uniformity, improved colour and disease resistance.

Zinc is essential for biosynthesis of 3-IAA in plants.
Zinc activates tryptophan synthetase, which regulates the synthesis of tryptophan, involved in the biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA).
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 3-IAA) is the most common naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It is the best-known of the auxins and has been the subject of extensive studies by plant physiologists. IAA is a derivative of indole, containing a carboxymethyl substituent.

Photophosphorylation takes place during the day.
Photophosphorylation is the conversion of ADP to ATP using the energy of sunlight by activation of PSII. This involves the splitting of the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen protons (H⁺), a process known as photolysis.
As this process happens in the presence of sunlight, and thus takes place during the day.

The situations that lead to cross-pollination are Protandry, Heterostyly and herkogamy.
Protandry is the condition of flowers whose male parts mature before the female ones.
Heterostyly is a morphological and reproductive polymorphism in which plant populations are composed of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) floral morphs that differ reciprocally in the height of their stigmas and anthers.
Herkogamy is the spatial separation of the anthers and stigma in hermaphroditic angiosperms. It is a common strategy for reducing self-fertilization.
All the above condition increases the chances of cross-pollination in plants.

The genetic material of Prion is protein.
Prions are believed to be the causative agents of a group of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases. They are infectious isoforms of a host-encoded cellular protein known as the prion protein.
A prion is composed of an abnormally folded protein that causes progressive neurodegenerative conditions, with two of the most notable being Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

The correct answer is Option A: 48.
Let's break down why:
Chromosomes are structures that contain the genetic information (DNA) of an organism.
Each species has a specific number of chromosomes.
Potato ( *Solanum tuberosum* ) is a tetraploid plant.
Tetraploid means it has four sets of chromosomes.
The basic chromosome number (x) in *Solanum* species is 12.
Therefore, the chromosome number in potato (2n = 4x) is 4 * 12 = 48.

A. In plants with large genomes, the chromosomes are significantly larger than the animal chromosomes. It is true.
B. It is also true, the species having lower chromosome numbers have longer chromosomes.
C. It is false, that generally, dicots have a lower number of chromosomes than monocots. The number of chromosomes does not depend on monocot or dicot type.
D. It is also true that dicots have shorter chromosomes than monocots.

The principle of limiting factors was proposed by Blackman in 1905.
The principle of limiting factors says that the maximum obtainable rate of photosynthesis is limited by whichever basic resource of plant growth is in the least supply. The availability of energy and moisture varies geographically.
Although the process of photosynthesis is affected by more than one factor, its rate will be determined by the factor which is in the least supply.

There are 16 main elements that are required for the healthy growth and development of plants.
These are carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo) and chlorine (Cl).

ER is Endoplasmic Reticulum and is generally present in all differentiated eukaryotic cells.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly convoluted, netlike meshwork that extends throughout the cytoplasm.
ER plays a crucial role in the synthesis, modification, transport, and degradation of membrane and secretory proteins, and is the site for biosynthesis, processing, and transport of several lipids, and regulation of cytosolic calcium levels.