Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

According to Dosage compensation in Drosophila, Paternal chromosomes are hyperactivated.
Dosage compensation in Drosophila increases the transcription of genes on the single X chromosome in males to equal that of both X chromosomes in females.
In Drosophila, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genetic content and is retained in the karyotype only because of its specific genetic function in spermatogenesis.

The contrasting pairs of factors in Mendelian crosses are called Allelomorphs.
Allelomorph is (genetics) one of several alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position on a chromosome.
An allele also termed an allelomorph that is any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome.
Alleles may occur in pairs, or there may be multiple alleles affecting the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.

In pulses, limiting amino acids are Methionine and Tryptophan.
Pulses contain approximately 21 - 25% protein; however have a limiting amount of essential amino acids such as methionine, tryptophan and cystine.
A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in a certain food in the lowest amount, which prevents protein synthesis in the body beyond the rate at which that amino acid is available.
The protein content and amino acid composition vary with the variety, germination, environment and application of fertilizers.

The duplication of chromosomes takes place during mitosis in Interphase.
During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. The interphase is followed by the mitotic phase.
The interphase was formerly called the resting phase. However, interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting; rather, the cell is living and preparing for later cell division.

Golgi apparatus is also known as Dictyosome.
It packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal and endocytic pathways.
It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

The visible scar (spot) observed on a seed at the place of the detachment from seed stalk is known as Hillum.
A hilum is a scar or mark left on a seed coat by the former attachment to the ovary wall or to the funiculus (which in turn attaches to the ovary wall). On a bean seed, the hilum is called the "eye".
A hilum can also be a nucleus of a starch grain; the point around which layers of starch are deposited.

Emerson observed a red drop in wavelength 680 - 770 nm.
The Emerson effect is the increase in the rate of photosynthesis after chloroplasts are exposed to the light of wavelength 680 nm (deep red spectrum) and more than 680 nm (far red spectrum). When simultaneously exposed to the light of both wavelengths, the rate of photosynthesis is far higher than the sum of the red light and far red light photosynthesis rates.

a. RNA is more stable than DNA is incorrect. RNA is less stable than DNA because it is more susceptible to hydrolysis.
b. RNA has ribose sugar is correct. RNA contains ribose sugars rather than deoxyribose sugars, which makes RNA more unstable and more prone to degradation.
c. DNA is chemically more reactive than RNA, which is incorrect. RNA, containing ribose sugar, is more reactive than DNA and is not stable in alkaline conditions.
d. 2'OH allows RNA to adopt B-conformation is also incorrect. The most common mechanism is through the ability of 2′-OH groups to provide hydrogen bond (H bond) donors and acceptors.

a. William Bateson (8^th August 1861 - 8^th February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns.
b. Thomas Hunt Morgan (25^th September 1866 - 4^th December 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity. He began cross-breeding experiments to find heritable mutations, but they had no significant success for two years.
c. Wilhelm Johannsen (3^rd February 1857 - 11^th November 1927) was a Danish pharmacist, botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics.