Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Here, the test cross is Tt × tt.
In a test cross, the individual in question is bred with another individual that is homozygous for the recessive trait, and the offspring of the test cross is examined. Here, ‘Tt’ is heterozygous dominant and the other parent ‘tt’ is homozygous recessive.
By performing a test cross, one can determine whether the individual is heterozygous or homozygous dominant.

The movement of water from one cell of the cortex to the adjacent one in the roots is due to the Water potential gradient.
Water always moves from a higher energy state to a lower energy state. Water moves from soil to and through roots, through the xylem of plants, to the leaves, and eventually evaporates in the substomatal cavities of the leaf. The driving force for this flow is a water potential gradient.

A F₁ plant with the genetic constitution AaBbccDd is test crossed with aabbccdd, there will be 8 genotypes.

The breeder seed is the progeny of the Nucleus seed.
Breeder seed is produced from nucleus seed under the supervision of a qualified plant breeder in a research institute of Agricultural University. This provides for an initial and recurring increase of foundation seed.
This is a hundred percent physical and genetic pure seed for the production of foundation seed.
A golden yellow colour certificate is issued for this category of seed by the producing breeder.

2n-1 is Monosomic.
Monosomy refers to the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells.
It is a term to describe the absence of one member of a chromosome pair, resulting in a clone with 45 chromosomes in the case of a single monosomy.

Cryopreservation is done at -150°C to -196°C range
Cryopreservation is a process that preserves organelles, cells, tissues, or any other biological constructs by cooling the samples to very low temperatures typically -80°C or -112°F using solid carbon dioxide or -196°C (-321°F) using liquid nitrogen.
The responses of living cells to ice formation are of theoretical interest and practical relevance. At low enough temperatures, any enzymatic or chemical activity which might cause damage to the biological material in question is effectively stopped.

Transcription means the transfer of Genetic information from DNA to RNA.
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are said to produce messenger RNA (mRNA).
During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA.

Clone is generally Heterozygous.
Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical or virtually identical DNA, either by natural or artificial means.
It refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. This form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.

The plants do retain a relatively higher level of hydration under soil or atmospheric water stress is known as Dehydration avoidance.
A plant can retain a relatively higher level of hydration under conditions of soil or atmospheric water stress.
Dehydration avoidance can be achieved either by reducing transpiration (water savers) or increasing water uptake (water spenders).

Seedless watermelon is a Triploid.
Seedless watermelons are triploid (3X) which causes them to be sterile, or seedless. The triploid seeds are created by crossing a normal diploid (2X) melon as the pollinator with a tetraploid (4X) parent. Each parent contributes half its respective chromosomes, 1X from one parent and 2X from the other.
It is a sterile hybrid that is created by crossing male pollen for a watermelon, containing 22 chromosomes per cell, with a female watermelon flower with 44 chromosomes per cell.