Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a different flower is known as Cross pollination.
Cross-pollination is the process of applying pollen from one flower to the pistils of another flower.
Pollination occurs in nature with the help of insects and wind. This process can also be done by hand to produce offspring with desired traits, such as colour or pest resistance.

When pollination through insects, it's called Entomophily.
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects.
Flowers pollinated by insects typically have bright colours, also have an attractive scent. And the ideal pollinating insect is hairy.
The attractions offered are mainly nectar, pollen, fragrances and oils.

a. PEP is Phosphoenol pyruvic acid produced During Hatch and Slack pathway. PEP combines with CO₂ in the presence of enzyme PEP case, to form OAA.
b. RuBP is involved in the Calvin cycle. RuBP is Ribulose bi phosphate, a 5-carbon molecule generated in Calvin cycle by using up 3 molecules of ATP.
c. Hill reaction is also known as Light reaction. It is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents (non-physiological oxidants) in a direction against the chemical potential gradient as part of photosynthesis. Robin Hill discovered the reaction in 1937. He demonstrated that the process by which plants produce oxygen is separate from the process that converts carbon dioxide to sugars.
d. Blackmann’s reaction is also known as a dark reaction. The Blackman reaction is the name given to the rate-determining process. When photosynthesis is saturated with both light and carbon dioxide.

Water rises through the xylem mainly due to Transpiration.
That can also be called a transpirational pull or suction pull. The tension created by transpiration “pulls” water in the plant xylem, drawing the water upward in much the same way that you draw water upward when you suck on a straw.

Repressor protein binds to the operator site in the Lac Operon model.
The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.
The operator site where the repressor binds is a DNA sequence with inverted repeat symmetry. The two DNA half-sites of the operator together bind to two of the subunits of the repressor.

Chromosomes are best seen in metaphase.
Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.
Metaphase is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their condensed and coiled stage.
These chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the equator of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells, thus chromosomes are visible in this stage.

a. Cell culture is the regeneration of a plant from a single cell in a nutrient medium.
b. Protoplast culture is the regeneration of a plant from a naked single cell in a culture medium.
c. Organ culture is the regeneration of a plant from an organ like an anther, ovule and bud.
d. Meristem culture is the regeneration of a plant from tissues of stem up, root up, etc.

A fertilized mature ovule that possesses an embryonic plant, food reserve and protective coating in a plant species is the seed, none of the options are given.
Embryo Sac is the female gametophyte of a seed plant, consisting of a thin-walled sac within the nucellus which contains the egg nucleus and other nuclei that produce endosperm upon fertilization.
An embryogenic callus is a defined and known genotype compared to seedlings, the high regeneration potential, and the stability of the regenerated plants.
The embryo is an unborn offspring with a developed heart and organs under the development process.

The chromatin which permanently remains in the heterochromatic region is Constitutive heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin domains are regions of DNA found throughout the chromosomes of eukaryotes.
The majority of constitutive heterochromatin is found in the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes but is also found at the telomeres and throughout the chromosomes.

For Hybrid seed production of onion CMS system is used.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants.
Hybrid-onion (Allium cepa) seed is produced using systems of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and two different CMS systems have been genetically characterized. S cytoplasm was the first source of onion CMS identified in the 1920s, followed by T cytoplasm which was described in the 1960s.