Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents.
Heterosis is due to the superiority per se of the heterozygous genotype compared to either parental homozygous genotype at individual loci, not due to Dominance, Over Dominance, or Epistasis.

Modification of proteins and packaging take place in Golgi bodies.
Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

a. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources located in Rome (Italy). The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) is an international scientific organization under the aegis of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and was established by them in 1974.
b. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture is located in Ibadan (Nigeria). The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) is a nonprofit organisation that works with partners to enhance crop quality and productivity, reduce producer and consumer risks, and generate wealth from agriculture, with the ultimate goal of reducing hunger, malnutrition and poverty.
c. International Laboratory for Research on Animal Disease is located in Nairobi (Kenya). It was established in Nairobi in 1973 by an agreement between the Government of Kenya and the Rockefeller Foundation acting for the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
d. ICRISAT is located in Hyderabad (India). The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is an international organization that conducts agricultural research for rural development, headquartered in Patancheru (Hyderabad).

The Law of parallel variation was given by Vavilov.
It was given by Vavilov in 1920 and was published in the Journal of Genetics in 1922.
This law established a parallel variability of homologous characters in taxonomically near species. Now it must be extended, including also a parallel variability of similar homologous characters in taxonomically remote species.

The telomerase activity is highest in embryonic cells.
Embryonic cells have high levels of telomerase activity during rapid proliferation. Although telomerase activity is diminished in non-proliferating sperms and ova, it is highly activated after fertilization and maintained in ES cells and germ cells for the next generation.

The neurotoxin present in Lathyrus is BOAA.
Lathyrism, a paralytic disease is caused by the extensive use of seeds of Lathyrus sativus. A nonprotein amino acid, P-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) present in these seeds is found to be responsible for this effect.
Some of these amino acids and their amine derivatives are neurotoxic to both humans and animals.

The protein involved in keeping the DNA single stranded during replication is SSB protein.
During DNA replication, the single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) wraps single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with high affinity to protect it from degradation and prevent secondary structure formation.
Although SSB binds ssDNA tightly, it can be repositioned along ssDNA to follow the advancement of the replication fork.

The breeder seed crop is inspected by the Monitoring team.
Breeder seed is monitored by a joint inspection team of scientists and officials of certification agency and National Seed Corporation. The genetic purity of breeder seed crops should be maintained at 100 percent.
A golden yellow colour certificate is issued for this category of seed by the producing breeder.

Inability of a hybrid to produce viable offspring is termed Male sterility, Hybrid sterility as well as Hybrid Fertility.
Plant male sterility refers to the failure in the production of fertile pollen. It occurs spontaneously in natural populations and may be caused by genes encoded in the nuclear (genic male sterility; GMS) or mitochondrial (cytoplasmic male sterility; CMS) genomes.
Male-sterility plants provide crucial breeding tools to harness hybrid vigor, or heterosis, in hybrid crops and also provide important materials to study stamen and pollen development and cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic interactions.

The first intergeneric cross between bread wheat and rye was made by Rimpau.
The first 'true' allopolyploid triticale according to today's definition was bred in 1888 by the famous German plant breeder W. Rimpau who managed to create a cross between wheat and rye that was partially fertile.
When crossing wheat and rye, wheat is used as the female parent and rye as the male parent (pollen donor). The resulting hybrid is sterile and must be treated with colchicine to induce polyploidy and thus the ability to reproduce itself.