Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The component lines used in the development of a composite variety of maize are Open-pollinated varieties.
A composite variety is a variety developed by mixing the seeds of various phenotypically outstanding lines possessing similarities in various characteristics like height, seed size, seed colour, maturity, etc.
Crossing among the selected varieties is possible because the species used are open-pollinated.

The cDNA libraries can be prepared by isolating mRNA.
The creation of a cDNA library starts with mRNA instead of DNA. Messenger RNA carries encoded information from DNA to ribosomes for translation into protein.
To create a cDNA library, these mRNA molecules are treated with the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is used to make a DNA copy of an mRNA.

The concept of epigenesis was proposed by Wolff.
The theory of epigenesis was formulated by the German physician and naturalist C. F. Wolff (1734 - 1794).
It refers to the development of a plant or animal from an egg or spore through a series of processes in which unorganized cell masses differentiate into organs and organ systems.

The stamens in cruciferae are Tetradynamous.
Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family.
The flowers have four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two shorter free stamens, and four longer free stamens. This condition of stamen is termed Tetradynamous.

The percentage of purity in breeder seeds is 100.
The genetic purity of breeder seed crops should be maintained at 100 percent.
Breeder seed is the seed or vegetative propagating material directly controlled by the originating or sponsoring plant breeder of the breeding programme or institution and/ or seed whose production is personally supervised by a qualified plant breeder and which provides the source for the initial and recurring increase of foundation seed.
Breeder seed shall be genetically so pure as to guarantee that in the subsequent generation i.e. certified foundation seed class shall confirm to the prescribed standards of genetic purity.

If one gene affects more than one character is Pleiotropy.
Pleiotropy means that a single gene affects two or more characters. In the context of life history evolution, pleiotropy means that a single gene affects the fitness of the organism at two or more ages.
It is convenient to categorize the combinations of age-specific pleiotropic effects.

The test cross ratio in complementary gene action is 1 : 3.
Complementary gene action is when two different genes work together to contribute to one single trait. These two genes are involved in a specific pathway, like a biochemical reaction, and produce functional products required to produce a certain trait.
The F2 ratio of complementary gene interaction is 9 : 7, whereas the test cross ratio is 1 : 3.

Transpiration is a necessary evil this statement was given by Curtis.
Curtis in 1926 rightly called that "Transpiration is a necessary evil" because of its advantages and disadvantages.
Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism and excess is discarded. It sometimes also leads to excessive loss of water causing harm to plants.

The nucleus seed is 100% pure.
These are the hundred percent genetically pure seeds with physical purity produced by the original breeder/Institute /State Agriculture University (SAU) from basic nucleus seed stock.
The nucleus seed is genetically cent percent pure and does not contain other physical impurities.

a. ATP has Calcium. Calcium is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and acts at several levels within the organelle to stimulate ATP synthesis.
b. Magnesium is a Macronutrient. Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg²⁺ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development.
c. Manganese is a Micronutrient. Manganese (Mn) is an important micronutrient for plant growth and development and sustains metabolic roles within different plant cell compartments.
d. EDTA is a chelator. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a medication used in the management and treatment of heavy metal toxicity. It is in the chelating class of drugs.