Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Exons help in the synthesis of Protein.
Exons contain information that directly results in the final order of amino acids within the protein.
Interspersed between exons are introns which are removed during protein synthesis in a process known as splicing. Changes in the exon sequence can result in changes to the amino acid sequence and resulting protein.

Interveinal necrosis in lemon leaves is caused by the deficiency of Zinc.
Interveinal Chlorosis is a yellowing of the tissue between the veins of a leaf due to the decline of chlorophyll production and activity.
Zinc deficiency affects citrus growing in either acid or alkaline soils but is usually more severe with alkaline soils.
Excessive use of phosphate fertilizers can accentuate zinc deficiency.

The amount of pollen grains per kernel produced by a maize tassel is at least 25000.
Tassels are relatively large inflorescences and produce many flowers. Estimates of pollen grain production range from 2 to 25 million pollen grains per tassel.
97% or more of the kernels produced by each plant are pollinated by other plants in the field. Each tassel contains as many as 2 million or more pollen grains, which translates to at least 2,000 pollen grains produced for each silk of the ear shoot.

Single Seed Descent (SSD) is a modification of the Bulk method of selection.
SSD is the modification of the bulk method. It is first proposed by Goulden (1939) and later modified by Brim (1966).
Instead of bulking a whole seed lot of selected plants, a single seed is selected randomly from each selected plant to make bulk.
The SSD method consists of advancing hybrid populations by taking a single seed from each plant and compositing the seeds to perpetuate the next generation.

Global Gene Bank of Barley is located at ICARDA.
The ICARDA genebank network and research stations in North Africa and West and South Asia test the new barley varieties for tolerance to diseases, drought, heat, and cold, as well as for precise end-use product classification.
Since 1977, ICARDA has released more than 250 barley varieties in 46 countries under CGIAR's Global Barley Breeding Program.

Ultraviolet light radiation is non-ionizing.
Non-ionizing radiation includes visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light; microwaves; radio waves; and radiofrequency energy from cell phones.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of non-ionizing radiation that is emitted by the sun and artificial sources, such as tanning beds.

The best method to carry forward the maximum number of genotypes/genes to the advanced generations against the force of natural selection is the Single seed descent method.
The single-seed descent (SSD) method of inbreeding minimizes the amount of genetic sampling.
Single-seed-descent (SSD) is a modification of conventional plant breeding used by breeders to rapidly fix genes in breeding lines. As its name implies, SSD is the advancement of one randomly selected seed per plant through the early segregating stages.

Aneuploidy occurs due to a change in a subset of the chromosome.
A change in chromosome number that is not the exact multiple of the haploid karyotype is known as aneuploidy.
It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any number of complete chromosome sets is called a euploid cell. This condition interferes with the growth and development of an organism.

The ultimate source of variation is Mutation.
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations. Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as well.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or a viral infection. It is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

90% of total photosynthesis in the world is carried out by Algae.
90% of total photosynthesis is carried out by aquatic plants, chiefly algae. 10% of total photosynthesis is performed by land plants.
Photosynthesis is the process by which higher plants, algae, and certain species of bacteria transform and store solar energy in the form of energy-rich organic molecules.
It is the process by which organisms use sunlight to produce sugars for energy. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria all conduct oxygenic photosynthesis.