Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma.
The products of this reaction are sugar molecules and other organic molecules necessary for cell function and metabolism.
The dark reaction takes place in the stroma which is an aqueous fluid surrounding the stacks of thylakoids and the cytoplasm.

Plant breeds manipulate sterility and floral morphology to take advantage of hybrid vigour.
The basic methods that are listed below are utilized for this purpose:
1. Genetic male sterility- Genic male sterility (GMS) has emerged as an ideal tool to accelerate hybrid breeding. It is the impairment of male reproductive development as a result of underlying genetic causes and leads to the malformation of male gametes and/or pollen.
2. Self-incompatibility- Self-incompatibility (SI) is defined as the inability to produce zygotes after self-pollination in a fertile hermaphrodite plant, which has stamens and pistils in the same flower.
5. Cytoplasmic male sterility- a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. CMS systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seeds.

The condition in which a gene in a homozygous recessive condition (aa) masks the effect of one or both members (BB or bb) of another gene pair is known as Recessive epistasis.
Recessive epistasis is when the recessive allele of one gene hides the expression of all alleles of another gene. As the masking allele is in this case recessive, this is called recessive epistasis.

Continuous selfing in a plant increases Homozygosity.
Selfing increases homozygosity at a rate of 0.50 per generation. Increased homozygosity can uncover recessive deleterious variants and lead to inbreeding depression unless it is countered by the loss of these variants by genetic purging.
Increased homozygosity also weakens the mixing effects of recombination because it takes place between highly similar chromosomes.

Staggered sowing is followed to make uniform Flowering.
In Staggered Planting, Instead of planting the entire row of vegetables at once, one can plant part of the crop at the beginning of the growing season and then plant more vegetables after a week or two.
A new crop will keep coming in as the first one matures. This enables uniform flowering conditions.

The combination of male and female features in the body of an individual is known as a Sex mosaic.
The sex mosaic, also known as gynandromorph, is an intersexual organism that has male parts on one side of the body and female parts on the other.
Arthropods, mammals, and birds have been known to be gynandromorphic.

Ribozyme is an RNA molecule functions as an enzyme, Enzymes that add the 5' cap and poly a tail to m RNA, and Protein causes RNA splicing.
A ribozyme is an RNA molecule with a well-defined tertiary structure that enables it to act like a protein enzyme in catalyzing biochemical and metabolic reactions within a cell.
Ribozymes function as part of the large subunit ribosomal RNA to link amino acids during protein synthesis. They also participate in a variety of RNA processing reactions, including RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis.

ICRISAT deals with Sorghum.
The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is an international organization that conducts agricultural research for rural development, headquartered in Patancheru (Hyderabad).
It performs crop improvement research, using conventional as well as methods derived from biotechnology.
The ICRISAT genebank serves as a repository for the collection of germplasm of the six mandate crops, including sorghum.

The seed Act was implemented in India on 29^th October 1966. The seed act was passed by the Indian Parliament in 1966 and was designed to create a Climate in which the farmers can operate effectively and make good quality seed available to the cultivators.
The objective of the seed act is to regulate the quality of certain seeds for sale and cultivation.

Reduction in genetic diversity is the plausible reason for the availability of most of the tomato varieties in the market to be almost uniformly oval-shaped and firm.
Inbreeding, genetic drift, restricted gene flow, and small population size all contribute to a reduction in genetic diversity. Fragmented and threatened populations are typically exposed to these conditions, which is likely to increase their risk of extinction.
An available variety of tomatoes with an oval shape and firm is a hybrid variety which ultimately leads to the reduction in genetic diversity.