Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Groundnut crop is often cross-pollinated.
In some crop plants, cross-pollination often exceeds 5 percent and may reach 30 percent. Such species are generally known as often cross-pollinated species.
About 1.0 to 3.9% of cross-pollination has been reported to take place naturally in groundnut. Several bee species are the pollinators in the out-crossing of groundnuts.

A micronutrient is required in very small amounts but is as important as a major element.
Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain growth and development.
There are about seven nutrients essential to plant growth and health that are only needed in very small quantities, and these are Boron, chlorine, copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum and Zinc.

The superiority of a hybrid over both of its parents is called Heterosis.
Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents.
It is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents.

Mendok is used for inducing male sterility in Zea mays.
Male-sterile plants are those that fail to produce functional pollen grains. In maize, male sterility can result from either nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutation.
Mendok is an herbicidal compound with gametocidal properties used for inducing male sterility in Maize.

Hybrid vigour is exploited maximum in Maize.
Hybrid vigor is the increase in stature, biomass, and fertility that characterizes the progeny of crosses between diverse parents such that the F1 is superior to the better of the two parents.
Heterosis describes the superior phenotypes observed in hybrids relative to their inbred parents. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids.

Disease resistance in barley is a Qualitative characteristic.
Qualitative disease resistance is effective against a particular pathogen race. Qualitative plant resistance traits produce discrete classes of resistant and susceptible individuals and segregate them as simple Mendelian loci.

Hyaloplasm means the cytoplasm with a membranous structure.
The hyaloplasm, which refers to the clear, nongranular, fluid portion of the cytoplasm of the cell, contains water, minerals, ions, amino acids, sugars, etc.
It is also used to refer to the clear layer along the front margin of the cytoplasm during the locomotion of cells.

The C₄ -plants differ from the C₃ -plants concerning the Compound that accept CO₂ in carbon assimilation, the Type of the first stable product produced, and also the Number of ATP's required from starch.
C₃ photosynthesis produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin cycle while C₄ photosynthesis makes an intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a three-carbon compound for the Calvin cycle.
The first stable compound produced in the Calvin cycle is a 3-carbon compound, which is 3 phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). In the C₄ plant, the first stable product is a 4-carbon compound, which is Oxaloacetic Acid (OAA).
In the C₄ cycle of photosynthesis, a total of 30 ATPs are needed whereas, For the C₃ cycle to repair 6CO₂, 18 ATPs are needed.

The chemical used to double the chromosome number is colchicine.
Colchicine is an important mutagen that works by preventing the formation of microtubules and doubles the number of chromosomes. It is commonly used to develop polyploid plants and functions as a mitotic poison by producing many mutagenic effects on plants.
The most commonly used chemical agent for chromosome doubling is colchicine, which disrupts mitosis by inhibiting the formation of spindle fibers and disturbing normal polar chromosomal migration, resulting in chromosome doubling.

Rimpau (1928) made the first intergeneric cross between bread wheat and rye.
Triticale is a hybrid of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) first bred in laboratories during the late 19th century in Scotland and Germany by Wihelm Rimpau.
Triticale combines the yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance (including soil conditions) of rye. The resulting hybrid is sterile and must be treated with colchicine to induce polyploidy and thus the ability to reproduce itself.