Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Triploids are normally Sterile.
Triploids have 3 sets of chromosomes instead of 2 and for this reason, are not able to reproduce.
Triploids are characterized by the problems of chromosomal pairing and segregation during meiosis, which may cause aneuploid gametes and result in sterility. Thus, they are generally considered to reproduce only asexually.

The correct answer is Option A: 9

Here's why:

Mitosis is a type of cell division where one cell divides into two identical cells.

Think of it like this:
* 1 cell -> 2 cells (1 division)
* 2 cells -> 4 cells (2 divisions)
* 4 cells -> 8 cells (3 divisions)
And so on...

Each division doubles the number of cells. So, to find the number of divisions needed to get 512 cells from a single cell, we need to figure out how many times we need to multiply by 2 to reach 512.

You can do this by repeatedly dividing 512 by 2:
512 / 2 = 256
256 / 2 = 128
128 / 2 = 64
64 / 2 = 32
32 / 2 = 16
16 / 2 = 8
8 / 2 = 4
4 / 2 = 2
2 / 2 = 1

We divided 9 times!

Another way to think about it is that 2 raised to the power of the number of divisions equals the final number of cells. So, 2⁹ = 512

Therefore, it takes 9 mitotic divisions to produce 512 cells from one parent cell.

The most important factor which determines the stability of the seed is Moisture.
Seeds attain a specific and characteristic moisture content when subjected to given levels of atmospheric humidity. This characteristic moisture content is called equilibrium moisture content.
A small change in seed moisture content has a large effect on the storage life of the seeds.
Therefore it is important to know the moisture content to make a reasonably accurate prediction of the possible storage life of each accession.

Modern population genetics was proposed by Hardy and Weinberg.
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium. In 1908, G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg independently described a basic principle of population genetics, which is now named the Hardy-Weinberg equation.
They discovered that in an infinitely large population that mates randomly according to Mendel's laws, the frequencies of the genotypes obtained from two alleles remain constant through generations.

In Okra, the production of foundation seed needs an isolation distance of 200 metres.
Foundation seed, also known as basic seed, is the descendent of breeder seed and is produced under conditions that ensure maintaining genetic purity and identity.
Isolation distance is the minimum separation required between two or more varieties of the same species to keep seed pure.

The type of fruit in citrus is Hespidium.
Hesperidium is a modified berry resulting from a single ovary. Citrus fruits are classified as a hesperidium.
The fruit consists of 8 - 16 carpels that form the core of the fruit or segments that contain the seeds and juice. Citrus fruits are characterized by the presence of an outer rind or skin.

The tissue which nourishes microspores is Tapetum.
The tapetum is a specialized layer of nutritive cells found within the anther, of flowering plants, where it is located between the sporogenous tissue and the anther wall. Tapetum is the innermost cell layer in the anther, which surrounds the developing pollen mother cells (PMCs) and/or microspores supplying nutrition and enzymes required for microsporogenesis and pollen maturation.
Tapetum is important for the nutrition and development of pollen grains, as well as a source of precursors for the pollen coat.

3D view of tRNA is L-shaped.
tRNA adopts an "L" shape, with the acceptor end (⚞⚟) on one end and the anticodon (⚞⚟) on the other end. At the acceptor end, amino acids are attached via the 2'-OH or 3'-OH group of the last nucleotide in the acceptor stem.

Vertical resistance refers to resistance that is usually governed by one or a few major genes and is often race-specific.

Option A: Development of varieties with individual major gene is a method to exploit vertical resistance because it involves using specific genes that provide resistance to certain races of a pathogen.

Option B: Gene pyramiding and gene developing enhances durability by combining multiple resistance genes, thereby increasing the effectiveness of vertical resistance.

Option C: Development of multiline involves creating a mixture of lines, each with different major resistance genes, which can reduce the likelihood of pathogen adaptation.

Hence, all these approaches can be used to exploit vertical resistance effectively.

The cluster of leaves that arise from short underground pineapple stems is known as Radicle.
Radicles are the specific form of leaves in a cluster directly emerging from the short stem that is underground like a crown for example in pineapples.
It has 30 or more, narrow, fleshy, trough-shaped leaves that are 30 to 100 long, surrounding a thick stem; the leaves have sharp spines along the margins. In the first year of growth, the axis lengthens and thickens, bearing numerous leaves in close spirals. After 12 to 20 months, the stem grows into a spike-like inflorescence up to 15 cm long with over 100 spirally arranged, trimerous flowers, each subtended by a bract.