Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Ganga safed is a hybrid of Maize.
It is a Cross product of (CM 400 X CM 300X CM 600). Maturity varies from 95 to 100 days stem is medium thick with long narrow light green leaves. Grain is a medium round white and flintish. Yield potential is 50 - 55 q/ha.
Plants are moderately resistant to Downey mildew, leaf blight rust borders, and also lodging. It is Suitable for maize-growing areas such as UP, Bihar, West Bengal and Rajasthan.

Pearl millet is predominantly cross-pollinated because it is Protogynous.
Pearl millet is a protogynous species. This pattern involves individuals developing initially as immature females, then typically as mature females before later potentially changing sex to become a mature males.
The styles start protruding two to three days after the emergence of the panicle. The stylar branches protrude first from the florets in the upper middle region of the panicle and then proceed both up and downwards.
It is allogamous and landraces are highly heterogeneous. Stigma emergence precedes anther emergence, resulting in high cross-pollination due to wind.

Chlorosis in nitrogen-deficient plants appears first in the mature leaves and then in the young leaves.
Nitrogen-deficient plants have stunted growth and reduced yield. In many crops nitrogen-related chlorosis begins from the old lower leaves, the leaf tip and midrib turn yellow but the leaf edges stay green.
As deficiency persists yellowing progresses to the upper leaves and leaf necrosis (dying of leaf tissue) occurs.

Translocation involves Homologous chromosomes.
Translocations are the transfer of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. These are most commonly balanced exchanges, such that no genetic material is lost and individuals are phenotypically normal.
The centric translocation of homologous chromosomes can occur between 13;13, 14;14, 15;15, 21;21 and 22;22.

Spallanzani produced puppies through artificial insemination in dogs.
In Artificial Insemination (AI) the semen is collected manually from a stud male and thereafter deposited (inseminated) in the female so that fertilization can occur in the absence of natural mating.
This first AI was performed by Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1780 by inseminating a bitch which later gave birth to three pups. He is also called as “Father of modern artificial insemination”.

The site of protein synthesis in a cell is the Ribosomes.
Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place. Cells have many ribosomes, and the exact number depends on how active a particular cell is in synthesizing proteins.
Proteins by translating the genetic code transcribed in mRNA into an amino acid sequence.

The number of phases involved in Seed certification is 5.
Seed certification is a legally sanctioned system for quality control of seed multiplication and production.
Seed Certification is carried out in 5 broad phases listed:
1. Verification of seed source, class and other requirements of the seed used for raising the seed crop.
2. Inspection of the seed crop in the field to verify its conformity to the prescribed field standards.
3. Supervised at post-harvest stages including processing and packing.
4. Drawing of samples and arranging for analysis to verify conformity to the seed standards; and
5. Grant of certificate, issue of certification tags, labeling, sealing etc.

Mendel is known as the father of genetics.
Mendel, known as the "Father of modern genetics", chose to study variation in plants in his monastery's 2 hectares experimental garden.
His experiments led him to make two generalizations, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, which later came to be known as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.

Double helix DNA exists due to Hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases, and base stacking interaction.
Double-stranded DNA consists of two polynucleotides that are arranged such that the nitrogenous bases within one polynucleotide are attached to the nitrogenous bases within another polynucleotide by way of special chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds.
Its double helix consists of two spiral chains of DNA. This double helix shape is often visualized as a spiral staircase.

The term self-incompatibility was coined by Stout in 1917. Whereas it was first reported in Verbascum phoeniceum by Koelreuter in the middle of the 18^th century.
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for several genetic mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms and thus encourage outcrossing and allogamy.