Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Opaque-2 maize composition is richer as compared to normal maize in Lysin.
Opaque-2 (o2) is a regulatory locus in maize that plays an essential role in controlling the expression of genes encoding the 22-kD zein proteins.
Through DNase I footprinting and DNA binding analyses, we have identified the binding site for the O2 protein (O2) in the promoter of 22-kD zein genes.
Opaque mutant enhances the lysine and tryptophan content in maize endosperm.

During hybrid development using male sterility R line is used to bring fertility in male sterile plants.
The restorer line is used to restore the fertility in the hybrid after crossing with the ms A line in the hybrid production plot. The availability of fertility restorer sources in sorghum made it easy to develop hybrids and to commercially use the CMS source in producing fertile hybrid seeds.
Rf (R line) is a dominant allele for restoring male fertility and rf is its recessive allele inducing male sterility, in the presence of a male-sterile cytoplasm.

Botanically pineapple fruit is Sorosis.
Sorosis is a fleshy fruit formed by the consolidation of many flowers with their receptacles, ovaries, etc, as the breadfruit, mulberry and pineapple.
The individual fruits of the flowers join together to create multiple fruits. After the first fruit is produced, side shoots are produced in the leaf axils of the main stem.
The ovaries develop into berries, which coalesce into large, compact, multiple fruits. The fruit of a pineapple is usually arranged in two interlocking helices.

TATAAT is the sequence of Pribnow Box.
The Pribnow box is a sequence of TATAAT of six nucleotides that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.
It is an idealized or consensus sequence that is, it shows the most frequently occurring base at each position in many promoters analyzed, individual promoters often vary from the consensus at one or more positions.
It is also commonly called the -10 sequence because it is centered roughly ten base pairs upstream from the site of initiation of transcription.

Sugarcane breeding institute, Coimbatore established in 1944.
Sugarcane Breeding Institute is a central research institute in Coimbatore, India.
It was established in 1912 and is affiliated with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
It was established to promote research efforts in sugarcane production and is the only sugarcane research institute in the country.

During mitosis, chromosomal DNA duplication takes place in Interphase.
During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. The interphase is followed by the mitotic phase.
During the mitotic phase, the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. The cytoplasm is usually divided as well, resulting in two daughter cells.

The highly conserved histone proteins are H_2a, H_2b, H₃ and H₄.
Histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes.
The 4 'core' histones (H_2a, H_2b, H₃ and H₄) are relatively similar in structure and are highly conserved through evolution. They also share the feature of long 'tails' on one end of the amino acid structure - this being the location of a post-translational modification.

The relative humidity maintained in the germination room is 95 ± 2.
Relative humidity of about 95% is recommended to maintain growing media moisture levels.
Seed germination and growth to transplant size are usually the most critical stage of plant development. Providing an optimum environment with a germination cart or growth room will give uniform high-quality plants in less time.

Micronutrients are elements that are required by plants in small quantities.
Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain growth and development.
There are about seven nutrients essential to plant growth and health that are only needed in very small quantities, and these are B, Cl, Cu, Mn, Mo and Zn.

Development of the seed without sexual process is Apomixis.
Apomixis is asexual reproduction without fertilization.
Apomixis is the result of a plant gaining the ability to bypass the most fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction meiosis and fertilization.
Without the need for male fertilization, the resulting seed germinates a plant that develops as a maternal clone.