Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Certification is not required for Foundation seed.
The progeny of breeder seed is produced by recognized seed-producing agencies in the public and private sector, under the supervision of seed certification agencies in such a way that its quality is maintained according to prescribed field ad seed standards.

During differentiation, cells with the same DNA May transcribe different genes.
The cell types in a multicellular organism become different from one another because they synthesize and accumulate different sets of RNA and protein molecules. They generally do this without altering the sequence of their DNA.
During the differentiation of pluripotent cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, pluripotency-associated genes are repressed, potentially permanently, as a result of DNA methylation.

The types of gametes will be produced by a species of genotype TtRr are TR, Tr, tR, tr.
All the offspring will be hybrid (heterozygous) tall, red flowering (TtRr). Since the genes for height are on a different pair of chromosomes from the genes for flower colour, the genes assort independently. This allows for four different types of "gametes" to form: TR, Tr, tR and tr.

The physical basis of life is Protoplasm.
The protoplasm is the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. Protoplasm is physically translucent, granular slimy, semifluid, or viscous. In it, granules of different shapes and sizes are suspended in solution.
It is a mixture of small molecules such as ions, monosaccharides, and amino acids, and macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc.

The endosperm in which nuclear division is accompanied by cell wall formation is Cellular endosperm.
The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants following double fertilization.
In cellular endosperm formation, cell-wall formation is coincident with nuclear divisions.
In endosperm formation, a cell wall is laid down between the first two nuclei, after which one half develops endosperm along the cellular pattern and the other half along the nuclear pattern.

The c-value paradox means Genome complexity is independent of genome size.
C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus or one-half the amount in a diploid somatic cell of a eukaryotic organism.
In some cases, the terms C-value and genome size are used interchangeably. However, in polyploids, the C-value may represent two or more genomes contained within the same nucleus.
The C-value enigma or C-value paradox is the complex puzzle surrounding the extensive variation in nuclear genome size among eukaryotic species.

The term Germplasm was given by Weismann.
Germplasm is a biological concept developed in the 19^th century by the German biologist August Weismann.
It states that heritable information is transmitted only by germ cells in the gonads, not by somatic cells. The part of Weismann's theory that proved most vulnerable was his notion that the germ plasm was successively reduced during the division of somatic cells.

The macronutrients are the elements that are required by plants in large quantities.
Macronutrients, or macros, are essential nutrients the body needs in large quantities to remain healthy.
The primary macronutrients are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). Nitrogen is essential for plant development since it plays a fundamental role in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Nitrogen is absorbed by the plant in the form of nitrate.

In the sweet peas gene, C or P alone produces a white flower, whereas both C and P are needed to produce a purple-colored flower. In a particular cross between two white-flowered plants, the offspring were one-half purple and one-half white. The possible genotypes of the parents are ccPp × CCpp.
As offspring are both purple and white therefore both the genes C and P must be in the heterozygous condition in parents either dominant or recessive form.

Accumulation of food in assimilatory cells results in a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis.
If the end product of photosynthesis i.e. starch their food is already in the cells, then ultimately the rate of preparing food is low as the cells will be engaged in the process of respiration.