Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

When the ovule is bent like a horseshoe, is known as Campylotropous.
campylotropous is a condition of Having the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves, that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.
Campylotropous ovule is a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus. It is bent upon itself like a horseshoe but an embryo is straight.

The ratio of economic yield to biological yield is the Harvest index.
Harvest index (HI) is the ratio of grain to total shoot dry matter and is a measure of reproductive efficiency. HI is determined by interactions between genotypes (G), environment (E) and crop management (M).
Economic yield is the mass of desired product. The harvest index is calculated by dividing the dry mass of economic yield by the dry mass of biological yield.

The outbreeding individuals suffer from inbreeding depression when subjected to close mating. In Genetic assortative mating, the inbreeding depression will be cute.
Assertive mating is a mating pattern and a form of sexual selection in which individuals with similar phenotypes or genotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern.

The situation when dominant and recessive alleles are expressed itself together is known as Codominance.
Codominance refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.
An example of codominance is seen in the MN blood group system of humans.

The cotyledons in gymnosperms are called Mega-gametophyte.
In gymnosperms, the megagametophyte accumulates nutrients before fertilization and nourishes the developing embryo after fertilization.
The female gametophyte develops from the megaspores of heterosporous plants. Among heterosporous species of lycophyte plants, for example, the sporophyte plant produces megaspores stocked with food. These spores grow into megagametophytes that produce eggs.

Translation means the transfer of Genetic information from m RNA to the amino acid sequence.
The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is made by copying DNA, and the information it carries tells the cell how to link amino acids together to form proteins.

The process in which chromosomes exchange materials through the breakage and reunion of their DNA molecule is known as Crossing over.
Crossing over is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.
When two chromosomes one from the mother and one from the father line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched. The two chromosomes contain the same genes but may have different forms of the genes.

Polytene chromosomes are formed due to Endoreduplication.
Polytene chromosomes are large chromosomes that have thousands of DNA strands. They provide a high level of function in certain tissues such as the salivary glands of insects.
Endoreduplication is the process by which a cell undergoes multiple S-phases without intervening in mitosis and its accompanying cytokinesis. This lead to the formation of Polytene chromosomes.

Self-incompatibility arises due to Pollen does not germinate on the ovule.
It is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing.
The self-incompatibility response is genetically controlled by one or more multi-allelic loci and relies on a series of complex cellular interactions between the self-incompatible pollen and pistil.

The highest uniformity is present in a Single cross.
The single cross is a first-generation hybrid between two selected and usually inbred lines. The highest uniformity is present in a single cross because a single cross involves a cross hybrid of the first generation between two inbred lines.
Single cross hybrids are based on two parental inbred lines whereas three-way crosses first require the production of a single cross hybrid followed by its use as a female parent crossed to a male inbred line.