Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The helicoid inflorescence is found in potatoes.
Helicoid an inflorescence, or cyme, is in which each flowering branch gives rise to one lateral branch that is coiled snail-like and then expanded.
In this type flowering branch gives rise to only one lateral branch, hence it forms helicoid inflorescence.

CTCRI located at Trivandrum.
CTCRI is a constituent institute under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and is the only research organization in the world dedicated solely to research on tropical tuber crops.
The Institute was established in 1963 with its headquarters at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala with an area of 48.19 hectares.
The headquarters of ICAR - CTCRI is located at Sreekaryam at a distance 12 km away from Thiruvananthapuram International Airport and 10 km from Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station as well as Central Bus Station Thiruvananthapuram.

About the functions of the centromere in the chromosome following statements are true.
1. Centromeres are the centers of movement of the chromatids or chromosomes during anaphase separation.
2. Crosing-over in one arm of a metacentric chromosome does not affect the crossing-over in the arm of the same chromosome.
The centromere appears as a constricted region of a chromosome and plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division. Specifically, it is the region where the cell's spindle fibers attach.

Inhibitors to cell membrane synthesis are Polymixin, Gramicidin, and Circulin, also Tyrocidin.
Polymyxin antibiotics inhibit bacterial membranes after binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), interacting with lipid A of the outer membrane, and acting as a detergent by disrupting the membrane phospholipids, causing cellular permeability and demise.
Gramicidin and circulin are antibiotic peptides that can be incorporated into the monolayers of cell membranes.
Tyrocidine is a mixture of cyclic decapeptides produced by the bacteria Bacillus brevis found in soil.

G. J. Mendel was born in the year 1822 and place, Brunn.
Gregor Johann Mendel, (20^th July 1822 - 6^th January 1884) was a biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinian friar, and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brunn, Margraviate of Moravia.
Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance.

In apomixis, the progeny closely resembles the female parent.
Apomixis is asexual reproduction without fertilization.
The progeny of an apomictic plant is genetically identical to the maternal plant. Multicellular female gamete-producing structure of a flowering plant. Also known as the female gametophyte.

The chromosomal theory of Heredity explains Genes are located on chromosomes and transmitted to the next generation through them.
The Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics that identifies chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material.
It states simply that chromosomes, which are seen in all dividing cells and pass from one generation to the next, are the basis for all genetic inheritance.

The term cybrid refers to Somatic hybrids.
A cytoplasmic hybrid or cybrid is a eukaryotic cell line produced by the fusion of a whole cell with a cytoplast. Cytoplasts are enucleated cells, that is without a nucleus or genetic material.
A cybrid is then a hybrid cell that mixes the nuclear genes from one cell with the mitochondrial genes from another cell.
It is valuable in mitochondrial research and has been used to provide suggestive evidence of mitochondrial involvement in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other conditions.

The performance of a double cross hybrid can be predicted by taking the average performance of the inbreds involved in marking the double cross.
Double cross hybrids are the product of crossing two distinct single crosses.
The name of Donald F. Jones is probably most commonly associated with the double-cross technique, the method that made hybrid corn practical.
The performance of double-cross hybrids was predicted based on the performance of single and three-way crosses.

A polyploid having chromosome sets from different sources such as different species is known as an allopolyploid, none of the given options.
An Autopolyploid is an individual or strain whose chromosome complement consists of more than two complete copies of the genome of a single ancestral species.
Aneuploid is an individual having an abnormal number of chromosomes in a haploid set.
A tetraploid is an individual having or being a chromosome number four times the monoploid number of a tetraploid cell.