Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The nucleus is the part of the cell in which protein synthesis takes place.
Protein biosynthesis is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins through the production of new proteins. Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases - transcription and translation.
The nucleus is the site where DNA is replicated, and DNA is transcribed to make messenger RNA (mRNA) signals to start the process of translation or protein synthesis which occurs in ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.

The ploidy level of Triticum aestivium is Hexaploid.
Aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD genome) is an allohexaploid that was formed through hybridization and successive chromosome doubling of three diploid Triticum/Aegilops species.
Hexaploid wheat possesses 42 chromosomes derived from its three ancestral genomes. The 21 pairs of chromosomes can be further divided into seven groups of six chromosomes, based on the similarity of their gene order.

16 gametes can be produced by an organism having the genotype-AaBBCcdd.
The total number of gametes produced by an organism = 2ⁿ.
Where n= number of genes for which the organism is heterozygous.
Here, in the given genotype-AaBBCcdd is heterozygous for 4 genes.
Therefore, no. of gametes = 2ⁿ = 2⁴= 16.

Mitosis was discovered by Flemming.
Walther Flemming was a German biologist and a founder of cytogenetics.
Flemming investigated the process of cell division and the distribution of chromosomes to the daughter nuclei, a process he called mitosis from the Greek word for thread.
However, he did not see the splitting into identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis both in vivo and in stained preparations, using as the source of biological material the fins and gills of salamanders.
Flemming's name is honoured by a medal awarded by the German Society for Cell Biology.

The theory of Natural Selection was put forward in 1859.
In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved".
The concept was simple but powerful: individuals best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Grow out test is done for Purity.
Grow out test is a test that is conducted to determine the genetic purity of given seed lots. Genetic purity of seeds refers to the trueness to type.
If the seed possesses all the genetic qualities that the breeder has placed in the variety, it is said to be genetically pure.

Generally the mutations have both Lethal and Deleterious effects.
Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious.
In general, the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of the mutation, and the larger the mutation's probability of being deleterious.

a. DNA is a poly nucleotide. DNA is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
b. Avery has given Transforming Principle. Oswald Avery's group showed that DNA was the "transforming principle." When isolated from one strain of bacteria, DNA was able to transform another strain and confer characteristics onto that second strain. c. Stahl has proposed an experiment on semi-conservative of replication. He demonstrated that DNA replicated semi-conservatively, meaning that each strand in a DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand.
d. TMV is a Plant virus, known as Tobacco mosaic virus. TMV is a single-stranded RNA virus that commonly infects Solanaceous plants, which is a plant family that includes many species such as petunias, tomatoes and tobacco.

IR36 has a better resistance for Brown plant hopper.
Khush developed IR36, a semi-dwarf variety that proved highly resistant to a number of the major insect pests and diseases that raised farmers' rice yields and drove down prices of the staple food for Asian families.
IR36 eventually became susceptible to the brown planthopper and diseases transmitted by leafhoppers. IR36 would prove itself to be valuable not only to farmers but to IRRI as well.

In the 88^th National Science Congress, Dr. M. S. Swaminathan was honoured with the 'Millenium Prize' for unique work done in the field of Agriculture.
Swaminathan was honoured with a 'Millennium Prize' by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 88^th National Science Congress on 3^rd - 7^th January 2001 held at IARI, New Delhi.
Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian agronomist, agricultural scientist, plant geneticist, administrator and humanitarian. He is a global leader in the green revolution.