Profit And Loss - Aptitude MCQ Questions and Solutions with Explanations

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{Let C}}{\text{.P}}{\text{.}} = {\text{Rs}}{\text{. }}x \cr & {\text{Loss}} = 12\frac{1}{2}\% \cr & {\text{S}}{\text{.P}}{\text{.}} = 87\frac{1}{2}\% {\text{ of Rs}}{\text{. }}x \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\, = {\text{Rs}}{\text{.}}\left( {\frac{{175}}{2} \times \frac{1}{{100}} \times x} \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\, = {\text{Rs}}{\text{.}}\frac{{7x}}{8} \cr & \therefore {\text{Required ratio}} \cr & = x:\frac{{7x}}{8} = 8:7 \cr} $$

According to the question,
18 Cost Price = 16 Selling Price
$$\eqalign{ & \frac{{{\text{CP}}}}{{{\text{SP}}}} = \left. {\frac{{16}}{{18}} = \frac{8}{9}} \right\}{\text{1 unit profit}} \cr & {\text{Profit}}\% = \frac{1}{8} \times 100 \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 12\frac{1}{2}\% {\text{ gain}} \cr} $$

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{According to the question,}} \cr & \frac{{{\text{CP of Refrigerator}}}}{{{\text{CP of Television }}}}\left. { = \frac{5}{3}} \right\}{\text{2 unit }} \cr & {\text{2 unit}} = 5500 \cr & {\text{1 unit}} = \frac{{5500}}{2} = 2750 \cr & 5{\text{ units}} = 2750 \times 5 = 13750 \cr & {\text{Cost price of Refrigerator}} \cr & = {\text{Rs}}{\text{.13750}} \cr} $$

Cost price of a book ranges between
= Rs. 150 to 300
Selling price of a book ranges between
= Rs. 250 to 350
For maximum profit cost price should minimum and Selling price should be maximum
So, Cost price = 150
Selling price = 350
Profit = Selling price - Cost price
= 350 - 150
= Rs. 200/book
Total profit on 15 books
= 200 × 15
= Rs. 3000

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{C}}{\text{.P}}{\text{.}} = {\text{Rs}}{\text{. p}} \cr & {\text{Gain}} = {\text{r}}\% \cr & \therefore {\text{S}}{\text{.P}}{\text{.}} = {\text{q}} \cr & = \left( {100 + {\text{r}}} \right)\% {\text{ of Rs}}{\text{. p}} \cr & = \frac{{{\text{p}}\left( {100 + {\text{r}}} \right)}}{{100}} \cr} $$

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{S}}{\text{.P}}{\text{.}} = {\text{Rs}}{\text{. }}23680 \cr & {\text{Profit}} = 28\% \cr & \therefore {\text{C}}{\text{.P}}{\text{.}} = {\text{Rs}}{\text{.}}\left( {\frac{{100}}{{128}} \times 23680} \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = {\text{Rs}}{\text{. }}18500 \cr} $$

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{Discount}} \cr & = 540 - 496.80 \cr & = 43.2 \cr & {\text{Discount }}\% \cr & = \frac{{43.2}}{{540}} \times 100 \cr & = 8\% \cr} $$

In such type of question always loss
$$\frac{{P\% \times L\% }}{{100}} = \frac{{10 \times 10}}{{100}} = 1\% \,{\text{loss}}$$

Let x metre of cloth will be purchased.
According to the question,
$$\eqalign{ & x \times 32 \times \frac{{25}}{{100}} = 40 \cr & x \times 8 = 40 \cr & \therefore x = 5\,m \cr} $$

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{C}}{\text{.P}}{\text{. = Rs}}.\left( {\frac{{100}}{{122.50}} \times 392} \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = {\text{Rs}}.\left( {\frac{{1000}}{{1225}} \times 392} \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = {\text{Rs}}{\text{. }}320. \cr & \therefore {\text{Profit}} = {\text{Rs}}.\left( {392 - 320} \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = {\text{Rs}}{\text{. }}72 \cr} $$