Profit And Loss - Aptitude MCQ Questions and Solutions with Explanations

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{Gain}}\% \cr & = {\frac{{ {{\text{True}}\,{\text{Weight}} - {\text{False}}\,{\text{Weight}}} }}{{{\text{False}}\,{\text{Weight}}}}} \times 100 \cr & \frac{{100}}{9} = {\frac{{ {1 - x} }}{x}} \times 100 \cr & \frac{{ {1 - x} }}{x} = \frac{1}{9} \cr & 10x = 9 \cr & x = 0.9\,kg = 900\,gms \cr} $$

40% discount on 500 = 200
Two consecutive discount on 500:
500 == 30% down ⇒ 350 == 10% down ⇒ 315
Total discount = 150 + 35 = 185
So, difference = 200 - 185 = Rs. 15

Let original CP = Rs. 100
Then, the Marked Price = 40% of 100 + 100 = 140
SP = 140 - 25% of 140 = 105
%Profit = $$\frac{{5 \times 100}}{{100}} = 5\% $$

Net Graphic Change Method:
100 == 40% UP ⇒ 140 == 25% discount ⇒ 105 So, % Profit = 5%

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{Let Initial Price of sugar was }}X. \cr & {\text{After Discount of }}5\% , \cr & {\text{the price of the sugar become}}, \cr & = X - 5\% \,of\,X \cr & = X - {\frac{{5X}}{{100}}} \cr & = \frac{{ {100X - 5X} }}{{100}} \cr & = \frac{{95X}}{{100}} \cr & {\text{Amount of sugar now,}} \cr & {\text{Buyer gets in }}Rs.608, \cr & = \frac{{608}}{{ {\frac{{95X}}{{100}}} }} \cr & = \frac{{ {608 \times 100} }}{{95}} \cr & {\text{Amount of sugar he gets - }} \cr & {\text{before the discount,}} \cr & = \frac{{608}}{X} \cr & {\text{Now,}}\,{\text{According}}\,{\text{to}}\,{\text{question}}, \cr & \frac{{608}}{{ {\frac{{95X}}{{100}}} }} - \frac{{608}}{x} = 2 \cr & {\text{On}}\,{\text{Solving}} \cr & X = Rs.\,16 \cr & {\text{After discount price become}} \cr & = 16 - 5\% \,of\,16 \cr & = Rs.\,15.20 \cr} $$

Let fruit seller buys 100 oranges for Rs. 100
On selling of 40% of the oranges he realizes his cost price i.e. He sells 40 oranges for Rs. 100
Profit on 40 Oranges = 100 - 40 = Rs. 60
% profit on 40 oranges = $$\frac{{60 \times 100}}{{40}}$$   = 150%
Now, he sells 80% of 60 oranges on half of the previous profit i.e. 48 oranges, he sells at 75% of profit
So, SP of 48 oranges = 48 + 75% of 48 = 84

12 was rotten so he threw away.
Total SP = 100 + 84 = Rs. 184
Profit = 184 - 100 = 84
%Profit = 84%

Given,
MP = Rs. 200
Discount = 20%
Profit = Rs. 16
SP = 200 - 20% of 200 = 200 - 40 = Rs. 160
CP = SP - profit = 160 - 16 = Rs.144
% profit = $$\frac{{16 \times 100}}{{144}} = 11.11\% = \frac{{100}}{9}\% $$

Let CP = Rs. 100
MP = Rs. 200
Gain = 15%
SP = 100 + 15% of 100 = Rs. 115
Discount = 200 - 115 = 85
% Discount = $$\frac{{85 \times 100}}{{200}}$$  = 42.5%

He sold his watch at loss of 5%. If he sells his watch for Rs. 56.25 more, he would gain 10%. It means that
15% = Rs. 56.25.
So,
1% = $$\frac{{56.25}}{{15}}$$
100% = $$\frac{{56.25 \times 100}}{{15}}$$   = Rs. 375
Therefore, the cost price of the watch is Rs. 375

A Total Profit = Rs. 3600
Profit ratio,
A : B = 5 : 4
B : C = 8 : 9
As B is common in both ratio, we make B equal in both ratio by multiplying One B in another.
A : B = 5 : 4 × 8
B : C = 8 × 4 : 9
So, ratio of
A : B : C = 40 : 32 : 36 = 10 : 8 : 9
Now,
C shares in profit = $$\frac{{3600 \times 9}}{{27}}$$   = Rs. 1200

Let X be the cost of horse and Y be the cost of the cart.
10% of loss in selling horse = 20% of gain in selling the cart.
Therefore, $$\frac{{10}}{{100}} \times {\text{X}}$$ = (20 × 100) × Y
Or, X = 2y --------------(1)
5% of loss in selling horse is 10 more than the 5% gain in selling the cart.
Therefore, $$\frac{5}{{100}} \times {\text{X}} - 10 = \frac{5}{{100}} \times {\text{Y}}$$
=> 5X – 1000 = 5Y
Using equation (1),
=> 10Y – 1000 = 5Y
=> 5Y = 1000
=> Y =200
=> X = 400
CP of Horse = Rs. 400
CP of the Cart = Rs. 200