Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

In wheat, the production of foundation seed needs an isolation distance of 3 m.
Maintain a minimum isolation distance of three meters of seed plot of a variety with other varieties to avoid possible out-crossing and admixture.
Isolation distance is required to separate a wheat seed field from the same variety not conforming to the standard.

Nullisomic condition is represented by 2n - 2.
Nullisomic is a genetic condition involving the lack of both the normal chromosomal pairs for a species (2n - 2). Humans with this condition will not survive.
It is caused by non-disjunction, during meiosis that causes two of the gametes to have no chromosomal material, leaving the other two gametes to have double the amount of chromosomal material.

Dockage means Impurity percentage of the seed lot.
Freshly harvested grain contains a small proportion of impurities, which is called dockage. 5.0% or less of the gross weight, assess as dockage.
Determine the percentage of dockage by combining and weighing all of the material which remained on top of the top sieve and which passed through the bottom sieve. The percentage is calculated by dividing the weight of the dockage by the total sample weight.

An individual having both male and female reproductive organs is known as Hermaphrodite.
hermaphrodite is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with the male and female sexes. It is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male.
A hermaphrodite flower that has both staminate (male, pollen-producing) and carpellate (female, ovule-producing) parts.

Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg law are all the above that are Organisms are diploid, Mating is random and Population size is infinite.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is a null model of the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies, both within and between generations, under assumptions of no mutation, no migration, no selection, random mating and infinite population size.

Strasburger proposed Adventitious embryony.
In adventitious embryony also known as sporophytic apomixis, an embryo is formed directly (not from a gametophyte) from nucellus or integument tissue.
There may be a megagametophyte in the ovule, but the embryos do not arise from the cells of the gametophyte; they arise from cells of the nucellus or the integument. Adventive embryony is important in several species of Citrus, including Garcinia, Euphorbia dulcis, Mangifera indica, etc.

In flowering plants, Strasburger discovered fertilization.
Eduard Adolf Strasburger was a Polish-German professor and one of the most famous botanists of the 19^th century.
He was the first to provide an accurate description of the embryonic sac in flowering plants, along with demonstrating double-fertilization in angiosperms.
The process of fertilization in flowering plants was first discovered by Strassburger in 1884. He showed that during fertilization in flowering plants the nucleus is the primary structure concerned with heredity.

Oxysomes occur in Mitochondria.
Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy.
Oxysomes are small round bodies found in the folds of the cristae in the inner mitochondrial membrane and are involved in ATP synthesis. The folds are studded with small round bodies known as F₁ particles or oxysomes.

The term recurrent selection was coined by Hull (1945).
It was HULL who first used the term “recurrent selection” in 1945. He proposed a breeding method that was termed "recurrent selection for specific combining ability."
Recurrent selection means repeated cycles of selection and breeding aimed at the gradual genetic improvement of a few key traits in a single species.

Inhibitors to mRNA synthesis (Transcription) are Actinomycin-D, Rifampicin, also 5-Bromouracil.
Transcription inhibition is accompanied by notable changes in the biochemical properties of nuclear proteins such as histones and hnRNPs.
Actinomycin D is a transcription inhibitor that intercalates into DNA. Actinomycin D forms a very stable complex with DNA, preventing the unwinding of the DNA double-helix, thus inhibiting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.
Rifamycin inhibits bacterial DNA transcription into mRNA by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by binding its beta-subunit.
5-Bromouracil is used to treat neoplasms in the form of its nucleoside, 5-Bromo-2-deoxy-uridine. 6-Mercaptopurine is an analog of hypoxanthine and inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism.